LANEY ET AL!

false memory

128 Undergraduate students at the University of Cali. Random

99 Females; 29 Males
Mean age 20.8.

Given course credit
for their time.

Love group 63
Control group 65

Generated by MBQ: 57% (26 P’s of 46) in love category had memory or belief

39% (20 P’s of 51) in
control had memory

Control group increased 0.2
Love group increased 2.6 on the

FHI during week 2 (average of 4.5 for believers and .9 for non-believers)

BANDURA ET AL!

aggression

72 children- 36 boys, 36 girls
(aged 37-69 months)
Stanford University Nursery School, opportunity

IV: model situations
DV: behavior, aggression

Strengths: controls,
reliability, data analysis

Weakness: low ecological validity, sample, ethics (used children)

S&S!

button phobia

1 9-year-old Hispanic American boy, volunteer

Positive reinforcement therapy actually made him worse at first.

Imagery exposure therapy-successfully reduced his ratings of distress

Ex: Rating of buttons falling on him decreased from 8 to 5 and then to 3 after exposure was complete.

At the six and twelve month follow ups he reported minimal distress regarding buttons and failed to meet the criteria of having a phobia.

IV: exposure to buttons (mental + physical)
DV: level of distress and disgust

PEPPERBERG!

parrot learning

Sample: 1 African Grey parrot

case study

Familiar Objects: 99/129 = 76.6% for all trials with correction
66/99 = 69.7% on first-trial performance
Novel Objects: 96/113 = 85% on all trials, 79/96 = 82.3% on first-trial performance

86% and 83% for first trials for pairs
containing one versus two novel objects

MILGRAM!

obedience

Aged 20-50, subjects were
obtained by a newspaper advertisement

ranged in education level; not finishing elementary school to doctorate and professional degrees

*paid $4.50 for being in the experiment (volunteers)

Hypothesis: If an individual receives orders from authority to inflict harm on another, then one will be compelled to do so.

PILIAVIN!

subway samaritan

Around 4,450 men and
women in New York City. Weekdays between the hours of 11:00 AM and
3:00 PM

Racial composition of participants 45% black and 55% white + opportunity

IV: type of victim, late/early
DV: frequency/speed of helping and state of victim

YAMAMOTO!

chimpanzee

5 chimpanzees paired with kin
Two mothers - Ai and
Pan- were paired with their offspring, Ayumu and Pal.

Three juveniles, Ayumu, Pal, and Cleo were paired with their mothers, Ai, Pan, and Chloe
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University. opportunity

4 of the chimps offered a straw or stick first

Ai 87.5%;
Cleo 97.4%;
Pal 93.5%;
Ayumu 78% (p<0.04)